Predictors of Self-Actualization

Abstract

The Theory on Attaining Self-actualization among Older Adults stated that there are characteristics that a person should develop which will enable him or her to become self-actualized. These characteristics namely emotional intelligence, spirituality, and life satisfaction as possible predictors of self-actualization among older adults were investigated in this study to validate those assumptions of the theory. This descriptive-correlational study utilized a multi-stage sample of 180 senior citizens in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. A 5-part instrument package was utilized to (1) describe the respondents’ demographic profile and obtain measures for their (2) emotional intelligence using the 30-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), (3) spirituality using the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp), (4) life satisfaction using the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)and (5) self-actualization using a 16-item questionnaire developed by Boyum (2004). A Pearson r analysis indicated that emotional intelligence [r(180)=.232, p=.004], spirituality [r(180)=.295, p=.019], and life satisfaction [r(180)=.530, p=.000] correlate positively with self-actualization. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that the three variables significantly predict self-actualization (p=.000). The findings suggest that becoming a self-actualized older adult requires the combined attributes of having a sense of spirituality, developing emotional intelligence, and attaining life satisfaction.